Natural Filters from Au Naturel
When it comes to ensuring clean water in our homes, many solutions are possible. Some people resort to using stationary filters, while others prefer to go au naturel. Natural filters are becoming more popular as people are becoming more environmentally conscious and looking for ways to eliminate the use of chemicals in their everyday lives. In this article, we’re going to explore the benefits of natural filters and the best options available.
What Are Natural Filters?
A natural filter is a filtration system that relies on plants, sand, and gravel to purify water. These filters don’t use any chemicals or electricity and are completely eco-friendly.
The water filtration process begins when water enters the system. The first step is to pass through a layer of sand that removes physical impurities. After that, the water flows through a layer of gravel. This layer is more significant and slow-moving than the sand layer, so it gives the water more time for chemical and biological processes to occur. During this stage, beneficial microbes break down organic matter while helpful bacteria get rid of harmful toxins and pathogens.
Finally, the water reaches the plant layer, where it is purified further. Plants perform a process called phytoremediation, which involves using their roots to absorb nutrients and contaminants, such as heavy metals, nitrates, phosphates, and chlorine. Depending on the species of plants, the water can be further cleansed of bacteria, viruses, and other pollutants.
Why Use Natural Filters?
There are many benefits to using natural filters. They are cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and easy to maintain. Since they do not use any chemicals, they produce no toxic waste, which can harm the environment. Unlike traditional filters that require electricity, natural filters rely on gravitational force, making them more energy-efficient.
Furthermore, natural filters are versatile and can be used in different settings, including households, communities, and even large-scale wastewater treatment plants. They are also ideal for remote locations, as they do not require extensive infrastructure or professional maintenance.
Best Natural Filter Options
1. Sand and Gravel Filters
The most basic form of a natural filter is a sand and gravel filter. These filters are cheap, easy to install and maintain, and can be made from readily available materials. They are also versatile and can be adapted to specific filtration needs. Sand filters are useful for removing physical impurities, while gravel filters are essential for biological and chemical processes.
To build a sand and gravel filter, start by excavating a hole of about four feet deep. Line the hole with a layer of gravel of about two feet deep. Cover the gravel with a layer of sand of about one foot deep. Then add another layer of gravel. Finally, cover the entire filter with a waterproof tarpaulin, followed by a layer of soil. You can then plant different species of plants on the topsoil layer, such as cattails, iris, and bulrush.
2. Bio-Sand Filters
Bio-sand filters are a more advanced version of sand and gravel filters. These filters are suitable for removing physical, chemical, and biological contaminants, including bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and heavy metals. They are also effective in removing odor and color from water.
A bio-sand filter consists of a container filled with several layers of sand and gravel, with a biological layer of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, at the top. The microbial layer helps to remove toxins and pathogens by breaking down the organic matter into harmless components. The layers of sand and gravel remove physical impurities and prevent clogging.
To make a bio-sand filter, you need a plastic or concrete container with a tight-fitting lid. The container should be at least 70 centimeters high and 30 centimeters in diameter. Fill the container with a layer of gravel, followed by a layer of coarse sand, fine sand, and finally the microbial layer of about three centimeters. You can use either tap water or rainwater as your source of water.
3. Wetland Filters
Wetland filters are perfect for treating wastewater, stormwater, and agricultural runoff. These filters mimic the natural wetlands found in nature and use the same processes of physical, chemical, and biological filtration. They are efficient in removing nutrients, pathogens, and pollutants from water.
A wetland filter consists of a shallow basin filled with a substrate of gravel, sand, and organic matter. The basin is then planted with species of wetland plants, such as reeds, rushes, sedges, and water lilies. The plants help to aerate the water and provide habitat for beneficial microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae.
To make a wetland filter, you need to have a flat area of land that receives plenty of sunlight. Excavate a basin with a gentle slope of about one percent, lined with a rubber or plastic liner. The basin should be about two feet deep. Fill the basin with a substrate of gravel, sand, and organic matter. Then plant the wetland plants according to the design plan.
Conclusion
Natural filters are an excellent alternative to chemically treated water filters. They are environmentally friendly, energy-efficient, and easy to maintain. Depending on your needs, you can choose any of the three options discussed in this article, or you can design your own custom filter. By incorporating natural filters into your water filtration system, you can enjoy clean, fresh water while ensuring a healthier planet for future generations.