Lower abdominal crampy pain that occurs before the beginning of the menstrual period and lasts 1 or 2 days into the period
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Constipation
Signs and tests
A history and physical examination by the health care provider will often differentiate between functional dysmenorrhea and those rare cases associated with a medical condition. Younger adolescents who have not become sexually active may require a pelvic examination (performed through the rectum rather than through the vagina).
Treatment
Initial treatment is focused on relief of pain. Anti-inflammatory medications can be helpful. This includes over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) such as ibuprofen (available over-the-counter or in prescription strengths), and prescription-only medications such as indomethacin.
In some severe cases, and with disorders such as endometriosis, oral contraceptives can be helpful. They are used in this case to regulate the hormone levels in the body (they may be prescribed even for girls who are not sexually active).
Women who continue to have severe dysmenorrhea despite the use of NSAIDS and/or oral contraceptives may require laparoscopy for further evaluation.
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