Dokra Craft - Human Civilization's Oldest Form of Non Ferrous Metal Casting
The ancient art of Dokra is a prominent and distinct metal casting tradition that is practised in the tribal regions of India. The word Dokra comes from the Dhokra Damar tribes who are mainly found in West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Jharkhand. The Dokra art is a non-ferrous metal casting art form that involves using lost wax casting, a technique that dates back to over 4,000 years.
Dokra craft is a versatile art form, with the artisans creating anything from everyday objects such as bells, lamps, figurines, and utensils to elaborate items such as statues, wall hangings, tribal images, and jewelry.
The Dokra method of metal casting is entirely eco-friendly, and sustainable, making it the perfect art form for the environment-conscious generation. The raw materials used in making Dokra artefacts are few and commonly available within the artisan's community. The method also involves using beeswax, firewood, and clay, making it one of the most unique and eco-friendly art forms in the world.
The Dokra metal casting process is labour intensive, and the method followed is a combination of local techniques and innovation. The process begins with the artisan making an impression of the desired design using bee wax on a clay model which is covered in layers of clay, creating the shape of the final product. The clay model is then heated, melting the wax, leaving a negative impression of the final product. Molten brass or bell metal is then poured into the clay model, filling up the empty spaces. Once the metal has cooled, the artisans break the clay mould, revealing a uniquely hand-crafted metal casting piece.
The artisans of the Dhokra Damar tribe, who have passed down the Dokra art form through generations, are highly skilled and have mastered the art of Dokra with finesse. Each piece is a unique masterpiece, crafted with skill and precision, showcasing the artisan's mastery, the unique patterns, and the exquisite finishing of the art form.
The designs of the Dokra art form are mainly symbolic in nature and feature animals, birds, two-headed figures, and mythical creatures that are inspired by the tribal folklores. The designs are not just symbols of tribal beliefs and the natural world, but also an expression of the artist's creativity and imagination, integrating the lost cultural heritage of their tribe. The Dokra art form is not just a decorative item but also a reflection of the tribals’ way of life and how they perceive themselves and the environment around them.
Dokra has not only been embraced by the artisans of the Dhokra Damar tribe, but contemporary designers and artists have also endorsed this ethnic art form. The art form has started to gain recognition globally for its uniqueness, simplicity, and natural beauty.
With modern advancements in technology, the Dokra art form faces the threat of extinction, but a significant number of artisans have taken up efforts to promote, preserve and protect the Dokra craft. The promotion of the Dokra art form would not only conserve an ancient art form but would also provide a source of employment for the locals and contribute to the growth of the region's economy.
In conclusion, Dokra is an art form that encompasses both cultural values and practical use. It is an ancient art form that has stood the test of time and evolved with the times. With its eco-friendliness, simplicity, and uniqueness, Dokra is the perfect amalgamation of both art and conservation, making it one of the most sought-after ethnic art forms in the world.